What distinguishes plans from specifications in construction documents?

Plans and specifications serve distinct and complementary roles in construction documents, with the primary distinction being their format and purpose. Plans consist of graphic representations, such as drawings and diagrams, which visually convey the layout, dimensions, and relationships between different elements of a project. They show where structures, walls, systems, and other components will be placed, providing a clear visual guide for construction.

Specifications, on the other hand, are detailed written descriptions that outline the materials, standards, workmanship, and specific processes required for the construction project. They provide in-depth information that supports the graphic representation found in the plans, ensuring that the project is executed according to the design intent, quality standards, and regulatory requirements.

This distinction is foundational to the construction process, as the visual nature of plans allows for immediate understanding and spatial awareness, while specifications provide critical technical details necessary for successful construction. The other options fail to capture this essential difference in nature and function, further underscoring why the graphic versus written distinction is paramount in construction documentation.